Android phones arguably superior in terms of quality, for example, the display interfaces, the number of applications that are useful and entertaining. But what about the battery resistance.

Because often download the application or activate the wireless network, it could be broken because the energy capacity of batteries drained.

 There are a few Android tips you can do to make your android phone battery life can be more durable:

1. Manage wireless networks or wireless wisely. We recommend that you do not activate the entire connectivity available on mobile phones simultaneously, for example by turning on Wi-Fi, GPS, and Bluetooth.
2. Reduce screen brightness level. Mobile phone screen is bright indeed make a clearer. But beyond that, the higher the level of screen brightness, the greater the power output your cell phone battery.
3. Use one feature alone to tell if there are new messages. If there is email, instant messages, short messages (SMS), or call into the Android phone, it does not need the phone rang too loudly and vibrate. Just use one of the two earlier features, sound or vibrate so that the battery is more efficient.
4. Enabling an important email only. If you have five email accounts and everything is active, you should choose which email is the most frequently used and will be activated throughout the day. The reason, more and more applications, such as email, live streaming, radio, or an active social media at the same time, the greater the battery power is needed.
5. Always keep a spare battery. When the battery charge, you are advised not to pull out if its capacity has not reached half. Because, if the battery has not reached 50 percent occupied and has been used again, the stored energy will be easily drained because it’s still small.

GSM and CDMA network technologies are the two main competing technologies set up by cellular service providers across the globe.
 
 GSM is an abbreviation of Global System for Mobile Communications, while CDMA is an abbreviation of Code Division Multiple Access

The Technology:

Mobile communication systems have to make use of the microwave frequencies above 800 MHz for transmission and reception of the signals. Different service providers operate in pre allocated frequency bands given to them by the international standards. Below listed are the methods to access these microwave frequencies.

• FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) – FDMA puts each call on a separate frequency.
 • TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) – TDMA assigns each call a certain portion of time on a designated frequency.
 • CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) – CDMA gives a unique code to each call and spreads it over available frequencies.
 • GSM is a global standard based on TDMA.

How these technologies affect the common man:

In case of GSM:

• If you opt for GSM technology, you have the freedom to choose handset separately from the wide variety of big handset companies like Nokia, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, etc who retail their products in the market.
 • You can then purchase a SIM card from any of the GSM service providers like Vodafone, Airtel, etc and insert it in to your handset and start talking.
 • You even enjoy the freedom to switch the service provider and still continue with the same handset.
 • GSM service providers are well networked globally. Therefore it offers much better international roaming. You must check for roaming call rates and coverage in the regions or countries where you visit frequently.
 • Another major benefit that GSM users enjoy is that if you travel to other countries you can make use your same GSM cell phone there too( if it is a quad-band phone 850/900/1800/1900 MHz). To save yourself from roaming charges from your service provider, you can purchase a local SIM card with call value and a local number in the country you are visiting.

In case of CDMA:

• Here the handset is network locked. You have to buy a complete package from the service provider that includes both, the handset and the connection (prepaid / postpaid).
 • Two main CDMA players in India are Reliance and TATA.
 • Earlier it was difficult for Reliance users who wanted to retain the same number but wanted to change their reliance handsets, to do so. However now it is possible by making use of the handset change card that is available in a nominal amount.
 • TATA however made it very user friendly. Due to its T – SIM enabled handsets; it is easier for TATA users to change their handsets.
 • Reliance and TATA now have a range of entry level, mid-segment and features rich advance handsets available with them. However in this case the choice of handsets is limited to the models offered by the Service Provider.
 • You cannot change the service provider and still keep the same handset.
 • Voice clarity in CDMA network is supposed to be better as it uses same frequency across all cells.
 • Here you need to check for International roaming tie ups if you travel abroad frequently. You do not enjoy the freedom like GSM mobiles.
 • TATA is soon launching T-SIM to enable international roaming with one world one number concept.
 Before choosing a CDMA or GSM Mobile phone from any mobile store, you need to understand the features and services provided by these mobile phones well.

Here are some of the basic interview questions for the network administrators, system administrators and IT manager posts. These questions provide the basic information about the network communication technology, network topologies, network troubleshooting techniques, network devices and the basic overview of the LAN/WAN communication model.

What is DHCP?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Technology. The basic purpose of the DHCP is to assign the IP addresses and the other network configuration such as DNS, Gateway and other network settings to the client computers. DHCP reduces the administrative task of manually assigning the IP addresses to the large number of the computers in a network.

What is DNS and how it works?

DNS stands for Domain name system and it translates (converts) the host name into the IP address and IP address into to the host name. Every domain and the computer on the internet is assigned a unique IP address. The communication on the internet and in the network is based on the IP addresses. IP addresses are in this format 10.1.1.100, 220.12.1.22.3, 1.1.1.1 etc. IP addresses can’t be remembered but the host names (e.g. www.networktutorials.info, xyz.com, abc.com) are easy to remember instead of their IP addresses.

What is a Firewall?

Firewall is a protective boundary for a network and it prevents the unauthorized access to a network. Most of the Windows operating system such as Windows XP Professional has built-in firewall utilities. There are the large number of the third party firewall software and the basic purpose of all the firewall software and hardware is same i.e. to block the unauthorized user access to a network.

What is WAN?

WAN stands for wide area network and it covers the broader geographical area. Basically there are three types of a computer network LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network). The communication in a WAN is based on the Routers. A WAN network can cover a city, country or continents.

Define VOIP Communication Technology

VOIP stands for Voice over IP and this technology is used for transmitted the voice over the IP based long distance network to make phone calls. VOIP phone calls are very cheap and a large number of the corporate offices and home users are using VOIP technology to make long distance phone calls.

What is Wi Max Technology?

Wi Max is a wireless broadband technology and it is a advance shape of the Wi Fi (which was a base band technology). Wi Max supports data, video and audio communication at the same time at a very high speed up to 70 Mbps.

Define Network Gateway

Network Gateway can be software or a hardware. A gateway is usually a joining point in a network i.e. it connects two networks. A computer with two LAN cards can act as a gateway.

What is a Router?

A router routes the traffic to its destination based on the source and destination IP addresses, which are placed in the routing software known as routing table.

How Fiber Optic Cable Works

Fiber optics provides the fastest communication medium for data and voice. Data can travel at the speed of light through the fiber optic cables. ISPs and corporate offices are usually connected with each other with the fiber optic cables to provide high speed connectivity.

What is File Server?

A file server is a computer in a network that authenticates the user access in a network such as Windows 2000/2003 Servers.

Define Seven Layers of OSI Model

There are seven layers of the OSI model. The basic purpose of these layers is to understand the communication system and data transmission steps. The seven layers are Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical. You can remember the name of these layers by this phrase. “All people seems to need data processing”.

Define GSM Technology

GSM is a short range wireless technology and is usually used in the mobile phones, hand help devices, MP3 players, Laptops, computers and in cars.

By following the practices suggested below, you can improve the overall security of your computer system. These recommendations apply both to individual users and to personnel responsible for managing groups of computers.

Set good passwords
Make sure all accounts on your computer, including the computer administrator’s account, have strong passwords. Follow this link to check, how strong or secure your passwords are. Change your password immediately if you suspect someone else may have guessed it.

Keep your software up-to-date
New versions of software are released on a regular basis to counter threats; without the current software, your computer is likely to be infected or compromised. Your operating system and Web browser are the two components most frequently attacked, and therefore it is most important to keep them up-to-date. A good way for Windows users to stay current is to allow your operating system to be updated automatically using Windows Update.

Run anti-virus software
Set antivirus software to automatically check for updates at least once a week. When informed that a new virus has been detected, update your virus definition files immediately by clicking on your Antivirus and running updates.

Be careful opening e-mail attachments
Many viruses are transmitted through e-mail, often as attachments. Never open an attachment unless you are sure who sent it and what it contains. Always use your antivirus software to scan attachments for viruses before opening them by clicking on your Antivirus icon and selecting Scan.

Control access to your machine
Never set up your system for anonymous or guest access. Make sure your system is configured to require a unique userid and password for any kind of access.

Routinely back up files on your system
Backing up your system not only allows you to recover files and data if your hard drive or computer fails, but also ensures that you can determine what data was stored on your system, should it be stolen or accessed without authorization. Because California law requires that individuals be notified if their personal information is stolen or inadvertently made available, it is especially important to be able to verify the existence of such information on a computer.

Turn your computer off when you leave for the day
Your computer cannot be infected or invaded when it is not connected to the network. Turn it off when you are done for the day. This is particularly important if you will be away from your system longer than a few days. If you haven’t turned on your computer in a few days, be sure to check for updates for software and antivirus files (see above) before you do anything else.

Install screen-saver passwords on your system
In addition to logging into your Windows system with your system userid and password, you should utilize a screen saver and enable its password feature. That way, if you leave your computer without turning it off, the screen saver will activate (after a pre-determined period of time) and you’ll need to enter a password to resume your Windows session.

Clean your hard drive before disposing of it
Before disposing of your current computer, make sure to remove all sensitive and confidential data from the hard drive. While deleting unwanted files using a delete or erase command might appear to remove files and data, in fact, the DOS and Windows delete commands simply remove pointers to the data but leave the actual data and files available for recovery. To make sure that data and files are not recoverable from a computer’s hard drive, it is important to over-write the space these files and data occupied with other, seemingly random, input. A number of utilities for doing this are available as freeware or shareware.

Take extra precautions with your laptop or other portable devices
By design, laptop computers (and other portable computing devices, PDAs, for example) are carried from place to place and thus are exposed to risks less prevalent in stationary environments where desktops are protected by firewalls, automated scheduled virus scanners, and automated critical updates and patch installations. To protect the UCOP network and the devices connected to it, all laptops must be updated with the latest Microsoft critical updates and patches and scanned using the latest virus definition files before they are brought into a UCOP facility and connected to the UCOP network. Also, invest in a laptop or PDA lockdown cable to deter easy theft of your portable device, and lock your office (where applicable) when you leave it.

Windows  has a whole array of helpful command line tools for configuring and testing Internet and LAN connections. The following is a list of useful network commands that can be used from the command prompt. A lot of these commands are intended for administrating a network, but they are great for savvy home users as well. All of the tools are run by opening a Command window and entering the appropriate command. Go to Start-Run and enter “cmd” to open a Command window.

net – Used to start, stop and view networking operations.
ipconfig – Displays the IP Address and other TCP/IP information on your system.
netstat – Returns protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections.
hostname – Displays the Microsoft networking computer name.
lpq – Displays the print queue status of an LPD printer.
ping – Verify the connectivity or a host across a network.
nbtstat – Returns protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections.
ipxroute – Displays and modifies IPX routing tables.
route – Manipulates TCP/IP routing information
tracert – Displays route taken by an ICMP to a remote host.
finger – Displays information about the user
arp – Displays or modifies information in the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache
getmac – Lists the MAC (Media Access Control) Address on the computer network interfaces
Add  /? to the command will provide more information e.g. ipconfig show more information about ipconfig command.

Some Applications:

Display Connection Configuration: ipconfig /all
Display DNS Cache Info Configuration: ipconfig /displaydns
Clear DNS Cache: ipconfig /flushdns
Release All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /release
Renew All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /renew
Re-Register the DNS connections: ipconfig /registerdns
Change/Modify DHCP Class ID: ipconfig /setclassid
Network Connections: control netconnections
Network Setup Wizard: netsetup.cpl
Test Connectivity: ping www.webaholics.in
Trace IP address Route: tracert
Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions: netstat
Display Local Route: route
Display Resolved MAC Addresses: arp
Display Name of Computer Currently on: hostname
Display DHCP Class Information:ipconfig /showclassid

Notes:

Some command-line tools require the user to have administrator-level privileges on source and/or target computers.
You must have the TCP/IP network protocol installed to use the TCP/IP utilities.

This will show you how to set up your wireless network security.